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Fluid Flow in Rocks and Porous Media

Fluid flow in rocks and porous media is an important aspect of many geomechanical and geological applications, such as groundwater flow, oil and gas extraction, and CO₂ sequestration. Modelling fluid flow through porous media involves solving coupled partial differential equations that describe the interactions between fluid pressure and rock deformation. FEM, often combined with other numerical techniques, is used to simulate these processes, providing insights into permeability, porosity, and the effect of fluid pressure on rock stability. Understanding fluid flow behaviour is crucial for optimising extraction processes and ensuring the stability of geological formations.

Heat Flow in Rocks and Structures

Heat flow simulation is essential in understanding the thermal behaviour of rocks and structures, particularly in applications such as geothermal energy extraction, underground waste storage, and building insulation. By using FEM, the distribution of temperature, heat flux, and thermal gradients can be accurately predicted, which helps in analysing the impact of thermal loads on structural integrity. Coupling heat flow with mechanical deformation is crucial in assessing how temperature changes influence rock stability, material expansion, and overall safety in engineering designs.

Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Coupling

Thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupling is crucial in accurately modelling the interactions between thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical processes within geological and engineered systems. THM coupling is particularly important in applications such as geothermal reservoirs, underground nuclear waste storage, and carbon sequestration, where thermal effects, fluid flow, and mechanical deformation interact simultaneously. By using FEM to model these coupled processes, researchers can predict temperature changes, fluid migration, and stress distributions, providing insights into system stability and performance under complex, real-world conditions.

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